Saturday, October 1, 2011

Chemical of the Day - Fluorine

I didn't really want to do this chemical / element cus it's too bitchy. Yes take that fluorine is a bitch.
The thing about fluorine is that although it is in the same group as chlorine and friends, its chemical behaviour is the very extreme big brother type.
Simply put, spray a puff of fluorine on almost anything and it will burst into flames.
Never mind, moving on to more important things about fluorine, apart from how much of a bitch it is of course.
Name: Fluorine (teh bitch)
Formula: F2 (exists as diatomic molecule)
Phase at room temperature: Pale yellow gas (almost colourless unless concentrated)
Oxidation states: 0 (as F2), -1 (as everything else)

Reactions: something wonderful known as oxidising anything that it dislikes (which is basically almost anything)
Anyways, fluorine, being the most electronegative element of the periodic table based on one type of definition, is able to oxidise many objects. Fluorine in the form of F2 is very reactive due to its weak F-F bond, and of course its high tendency to gain 1 electron from other compounds to attain F-.

Inorganic:
Reaction between fluorine and an element usually brings its oxidation number to the highest number.
Fluorine is able to form ionic fluoride with all metals (except beryllium which is an equal bitch)
Solubility of metal fluorides are generally different from solubility of its respective chlorides and and bromides. (except for group 1 salts, since they are all soluble.)
For example, group 2 fluorides are generally insoluble, while their respective chlorides and bromides are all soluble. (As a matter of fact calcium chloride is so soluble that it absorbs moisture from the air)
Silver fluoride is soluble. (compare with silver chloride and the rest)
As number of fluorides present increases, solubility decreases.
While metal trifluorides and below are ionic solids, metal pentafluorides and above are volatile molecules. Metal tetrafluorides is the borderline, as ZrF4 is an ionic solid while GeF4 is a gas.
Gaseous fluorine can basically displace any less electronegative element which is the more electronegative element bonded to a compound. For example it displaces oxygen from water to form HF and O2.
It can react with noble gases below neon to form stable compounds. Examples are XeF4, HArF, RnF2.

Organic:
The main organic thing about fluorine is that it forms the strongest covalent bond in organic chemistry, ie the C-F bond. It is able to replace the hydrogen in hydrocarbons even at room temperature, forming C-F bonds as long as there is enough hydrogen / fluorine.
Other than that there's not much interesting things fluorine can do to organic compounds. I mean like it only rapes away hydrogen and more hydrogen. Oh, one of its compound, polyfluoroethene aka teflon, is the only material that a gecko cannot stick to. No prize at guessing what's it used for.

Uses:
Used as a fluorinating agent (surprise!) to produce other fluorine containing compounds, which are usually useful, such as hydrofluoric acid, teflon and other substances used as protective materials, because usually a fluorine something bond is very stable.

Other stuff:
Fluorine has noob F-F bond due to small size of atom resulting in repulsion between the atoms, causing the bond to be weaker as compared to say Cl-Cl.
Fluorine is the 13th most abundant element on earth! How lucky!
Fluorine has the highest first IE barring the other 2 noble gases.

Ok now gc will talk about random dota trivia. (wut)

No comments: